Multimedia

1. Vocabulary

Расширения имен файлов DOS и Windows

.pdf – Portable Document Format Формат переносимых документов

.doc – от Document или Documentation Файл с текстом документа; файл, создаваемый редактором текстов Microsoft Word или Word Perfect.

.rtf – Rich Text Format Метод кодирования форматированного текста и графики для переноса между приложениями под MS-DOS, Windows, Windows 95, OS/2 и Apple Macintosh.

.htm (.html) – Hypertext Markup Language Текст с гипертекстовой разметкой в формате HTML, используемый для создания и просмотра Web-страниц.

.avi – Audio Video Interleaved Формат файлов, разработанный корпорацией Microsoft для хранения видеофильмов, синхронизированных со звуком. Содержит чередующиеся записи цифрового видео и аудио.

.mov – QuickTime Movie Файл с видеофильмом.

.mpg (.mpeg) – Moving Picture Expert Group Файл со сжатым видео и аудио. Используется в Web и мультимедиа.

.gif – Graphics Interchange Format Графический формат файла. Файл с изображением в пакете 3D-Studio

.jpg (jpeg) – Joint Photographic Experts Group Графический файл в формате JPEG.

.tif – Tagged Image File/Format Графический файл в формате TIFF, часто файл с изображением, введенным со сканера.

.wav – Waveform Audio Звуковой файл. Файл с оцифрованной звуковой информацией.

.ra – Real Audio Аудиофайл. Используется для прослушивания музыки в Web.

.mp3 – Музыкальный файл в формате MPEG 3.

.zip – Файл, созданный упаковщиком PKZIP, либо программами, совместимыми с ним.

DivX – Формат "ДивЭкс". Формат компрессии видео на основе MPEG 4. Обеспечивает намного большую степень сжатия, чем предыдущие видеоформаты MPEG 1 и MPEG 2.

2. Read the text

Multimedia

www.Wikipedia.com

Multimedia is media and content that uses a combination of different content forms. The term can be used as a noun (a medium with multiple content forms) or as an adjective describing a medium as having multiple content forms. The term is used in contrast to media which only use traditional forms of printed or hand-produced material. Multimedia includes a combination of text, audio, still images, animation, video, and interactivity content forms.

Major characteristics of multimedia

Multimedia presentations may be viewed in person on stage, projected, transmitted, or played locally with a media player. A broadcast may be a live or recorded multimedia presentation. Broadcasts and recordings can be either analog or digital electronic media technology. Digital online multimedia may be downloaded or streamed. Streaming multimedia may be live or on-demand.

Multimedia games and simulations may be used in a physical environment with special effects, with multiple users in an online network, or locally with an offline computer, game system, or simulator.

The various formats of technological or digital multimedia may be intended to enhance the users' experience, for example to make it easier and faster to convey information. Or in entertainment or art, to transcend everyday experience.

Usage

Virtual reality uses multimedia content. Applications and delivery platforms of multimedia are virtually limitless.

Multimedia finds its application in various areas including, but not limited to, advertisements, art, education, entertainment, engineering, medicine, mathematics, business, scientific research and spatial temporal applications. Several examples are as follows:

Creative industries

Creative industries use multimedia for a variety of purposes ranging from fine arts, to entertainment, to commercial art, to journalism, to media and software services provided for any of the industries listed below. An individual multimedia designer may cover the spectrum throughout their career. Request for their skills range from technical, to analytical, to creative.

Commercial

Much of the electronic old and new media used by commercial artists is multimedia. Exciting presentations are used to grab and keep attention in advertising. Business to business, and interoffice communications are often developed by creative services firms for advanced multimedia presentations beyond simple slide shows to sell ideas or liven-up training. Commercial multimedia developers may be hired to design for governmental services and nonprofit services applications as well.

Entertainment and fine arts

In addition, multimedia is heavily used in the entertainment industry, especially to develop special effects in movies and animations. Multimedia games are a popular pastime and are software programs available either as CD-ROMs or online. Some video games also use multimedia features. Multimedia applications that allow users to actively participate instead of just sitting by as passive recipients of information are called Interactive Multimedia. In the Arts there are multimedia artists, whose minds are able to blend techniques using different media that in some way incorporates interaction with the viewer. One of the most relevant could be Peter Greenaway who is melding Cinema with Opera and all sorts of digital media. Another approach entails the creation of multimedia that can be displayed in a traditional fine arts arena, such as an art gallery. Although multimedia display material may be volatile, the survivability of the content is as strong as any traditional media. Digital recording material may be just as durable and infinitely reproducible with perfect copies every time.

Education

In Education, multimedia is used to produce computer-based training courses (popularly called CBTs) and reference books like encyclopedia and almanacs. A CBT lets the user go through a series of presentations, text about a particular topic, and associated illustrations in various information formats. Edutainment is an informal term used to describe combining education with entertainment, especially multimedia entertainment.

The possibilities for learning and instruction are nearly endless.

The idea of media convergence is also becoming a major factor in education, particularly higher education. Defined as separate technologies such as voice (and telephony features), data (and productivity applications) and video that now share resources and interact with each other, synergistically creating new efficiencies, media convergence is rapidly changing the curriculum in universities all over the world. Likewise, it is changing the availability of jobs requiring this savvy technological skill.

Journalism

Newspaper companies all over are also trying to embrace the new phenomenon by implementing its practices in their work. While some have been slow to come around, other major newspapers like The New York Times, USA Today and The Washington Post are setting the precedent for the positioning of the newspaper industry in a globalized world.

News reporting is not limited to traditional media outlets. Freelance journalists can make use of different new media to produce multimedia pieces for their news stories. It engages global audiences and tells stories with technology, which develops new communication techniques for both media producers and consumers. Common Language Project is an example of this type of multimedia journalism production.

Engineering

Software engineers may use multimedia in Computer Simulations for anything from entertainment to training such as military or industrial training. Multimedia for software interfaces are often done as a collaboration between creative professionals and software engineers.

Industry

In the Industrial sector, multimedia is used as a way to help present information to shareholders, superiors and coworkers. Multimedia is also helpful for providing employee training, advertising and selling products all over the world via virtually unlimited web-based technology

Mathematical and scientific research

In mathematical and scientific research, multimedia is mainly used for modelling and simulation. For example, a scientist can look at a molecular model of a particular substance and manipulate it to arrive at a new substance. Representative research can be found in journals such as the Journal of Multimedia.

Medicine

In Medicine, doctors can get trained by looking at a virtual surgery or they can simulate how the human body is affected by diseases spread by viruses and bacteria and then develop techniques to prevent it.