Living in a digital age

1. Vocabulary

Assistive technology - вспомогательная технология

Computer addiction - компьютерная зависимость

Cybercrime - киберпреступность, киберкриминал, преступления в интернете, сетевая преступность

Design an on-line newspaper - делать дизайн электронной газеты

Download files - загружать файлы

DVD (Digital Video Disc) recorder - дисковое записывающее устройство

Electronic waste - электронные отходы

GPS (Global Positioning System) - глобальная система навигации и определения положения

HMD (head-mounted display) - нашлемный дисплей

Interactive whiteboard - интерактивная доска

Loss of privacy - потеря права на частную жизнь

Make calculations - делать вычисления

Publish e-books - публиковать электронные книги

Retouch photos - ретушировать фотографии

Screen reader - экранный диктор, программное обеспечение, предназначенное для интерпретации происходящего на экране в голосовые сообщения, либо в шрифт Брайля

Send e-mails - отправлять электронную почту

Store information - хранить информацию

Surf the Web - бродить по Интернету

Technological dependence - технологическая зависимость

Virtual reality - виртуальная реальность

Wireless network - беспроводная сеть

Write letters and faxes - писать письма и факсы

2. Translate from Russian into English:

3.1. Read the text

THE PAPERLESS OFFICE: ON ITS WAY, AT LAST

Stephanie Breedlove and her husband founded Breedlove Associates 16 years ago to help families who hire a nanny with the crushing burden of paperwork that this entails. There are pay stubs to be sent, federal and state tax returnsTax return – налоговая декларация to be filed, pay schedulesPay schedule – график выплат to be updated and other trails of exceedingly boring paper. Much of the firm's small office in Austin, Texas, is taken up by 100 paper-filled filing cabinets. An office manager spends 25 hours a week shuffling paper between desks and drawers. At peak times the office becomes "a sea of paper," with colour-coded stacksStack – кипа, стопка on conference tables, floors and chairs.

With luck, this will soon be a thing of the past. Last year Breedlove decided to go paperless. It is now about halfway there, says Ms Breedlove. The constant flow of information between Breedlove and its clients now goes via e-mail, with forms attached as PDF files. The next step is to roll out an online service so that clients can log on to manage their accounts. Only the Internal Revenue ServiceInternal Revenue Service – налоговое управление США still insists on paper for some things but even it claims to be going electronic soon.

Fewer trees will die and less ink will be squirted, but that is not her primary motivation, she says. It is that everyone—clients and staff—is sick of paper. The clients tend to be young, middle-class families with toddlers; they are good with technology and already pay bills online, use e-tickets on planes, e-file their tax returns and Google recipes rather than using cookbooks. And Breedlove's 16 employees are in their 20s, native to Facebook and instant-messaging and baffled by the need for paper. Now everybody is happier. Next year the firm expects to be completely paperless.

A decade ago this scenario was brought up only in sardonic jokes. Instead of the paperless office promised by futurists, offices and homes seemed to be drowning in more paper than ever. In the digital era people were exchanging much more information, but neither technology nor behaviour had caught up. They were printing e-mails for archiving and Word documents for marking up by hand.

But as it turned out, that was the very year when demand for office paper began declining. Office workers in rich countries will reduce their consumption of paper year for the foreseeable future.

Older people still prefer a hard copy of most things, but younger workers are increasingly comfortable reading on screens and storing and retrieving information on computers or online.

As new generations of office workers leave university—where their class notes and syllabuses are online these days—they take their habits with them. They like digital information because it reduces clutterClutter - беспорядок. It can be "tagged" and thus filed into many folders instead of just one physical file. It can be searched by keyword. It can be cut, pasted and remixed. It allows for easier collaboration, through features such as "track changes". It can be shared across an ocean as easily as across a desk. Increasingly, it resides in the internet "cloud" and can be accessed from anywhere, not just in the office. By contrast, paper tends to get torn, stained, burnt, soaked and lost.

Information thus appears to be becoming paperless roughly as transport has become horseless. When cars came along, the number of horses in America dropped at first, but the number is now roughly back to where it was in the late 19th century. As a share of the trips people take, horses have become insignificant. But they are thriving for special occasions and sport. Paper, too, has a future—for the fine copy of the "Iliad", the women's fashion magazine and the memorable certificate. But nobody, least of all the staff at Breedlove, will shed a tear for those stacks of tax forms on the carpet.

/ Adapted from the Economist Oct 9th /2008/

3.2. Comprehension tasks

3.2.1. Answer the questions to the text